Coastal land development
Definitions
Coastal land
For the purpose of this note, coastal land means land within the coastal environment above mean high water spring.
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Policy 1 The Coastal Environment
In promoting the sustainable management of the coastal environment, policy statement and plans shall recognise that coastal environment includes, at least:
- the coastal marine area;
- land and waters where coastal qualities or influences are a significant part or element;
- land and waters affected by active coastal processes;
- areas at risk from coastal hazards;
- coastal vegetation and habitat; and
- landscapes and features that contribute to natural character, visual qualities or amenity values of that environment.
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In regard to the landward areas of the coastal environment, the NZCPS 1994 has policies addressing:
- natural character of the coastal environment
- landscapes, seascapes and landforms
- indigenous vegetation and habitat
- public access and amenity values
- historic and cultural sites
- coastal water quality
- the special relationship of tangata whenua with the coast
- coastal hazards.
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Coastal landscapes
Landscapes that are unique to the coastal environment include sand spits, dune systems, headlands and coastal cliffs, estuaries, river mouths and coastal geomorphological features (such as tombolos, sea arches and caves, etc).
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Biodiversity
Coastal marine habitats of importance include vegetated habitats (eg, salt marsh areas, kelp forests), intertidal habitats (eg, mud flats, rocky shores, etc), subtidal habitats (eg, soft bottom harbour areas) and coastal waters. Habitats may be of international importance, such as the Firth of Thames, which is an important habitat for migratory birds.
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Tangata whenua
In this guidance note, the term "tangata whenua" is used when referring to Maori groups with mana whenua over particular areas. Unless otherwise specified, this should be read as being inclusive of any group that represents tangata whenua interests, be they iwi, hapu, whanau, or iwi authorities.
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Traditional and cultural values with the coastal environment
Maori traditional and cultural values associated with the coastal environment may include:
- sites and areas that reflect the relationship and the long association of tangata whenua with the coastal environment, including nohoanga (temporary campsites), tauranga waka (canoe landing sites), pa (fortified settlements), ana (caves), wahi pakanga (historical battle sites) and pou whenua (traditional markers such as landforms or trees)
- wahi tapu, including urupa (burial sites) and wahi taonga (treasured places or things)
- mahinga kai values, including kaimoana (food sourced from the sea), taonga raranga (plants for weaving and manufacturing), and rongoa (medicinal species)
- customary use and management practices, including rahui, mataitai and taiapure.
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Mauri
The mauri of the coastal environment includes both physical and spiritual dimensions. Mauri can be described as the special character, life essence, or life supporting capacity of a resource, and is a critical element of the relationship between tangata whenua and the environment. Physical indicators of mauri can include the health, diversity and abundance of mahinga kai, and the aesthetic qualities of resources, such as the visibility of important landmarks.
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s6 (e), 6(f), 6(g), 7(a) and 8
The following matters of national importance must be recognised and provided for:
s6 (e): The relationship of Maori and their culture and traditions with their ancestral lands, water, sites, wahi tapu, and other taonga.
s6 (f): The protection of historic heritage from inappropriate subdivision, use, and development.
s6 (g): The protection of recognised customary activities.
Particular regard shall be given to the following other matter:
s7 (a): Kaitiakitanga
s8: In achieving the purpose of this Act, all persons exercising functions and powers under it, in relation to managing the use, development, and protection of natural and physical resources, shall take into account the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti O Waitangi).
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Historic heritage
Historic heritage is defined in s2 of the RMA as follows:
(a) means those natural and physical resources that contribute to an understanding and appreciation of New Zealand's history and cultures, deriving from any of the following qualities:
- archaeological:
- architectural:
- cultural:
- historic:
- scientific:
- technological.
(b) includes -:
- historic sites, structures, places, and areas; and
- archaeological sites; and
- sites of significance to Maori, including wahi tapu; and
- surroundings associated with the natural and physical resources.
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Point source
Point source discharges come from a single discrete point, such as the end of a pipe or drain. Some of these discharges are treated before being released into receiving waters, but many are not. Common examples include:
- stormwater from reticulated networks, collecting runoff from roofs, roads, and car parks
- wastewater containing community sewage
- leachate from landfills and other contaminated sites
- industrial by-products, such as cooling water, and process chemicals
- agricultural by-products, such as dairy shed effluent
- irrigation bywash, such as canal and border-dyke return outlets.
Non-point source.
Non-point source discharges are from widespread or diffuse sources. Contaminants enter rivers or lakes via runoff across land or shallow sub-surface drainage when the volume of discharge exceeds the carrying capacity of the land. These discharges are difficult to manage, because it is hard to establish a direct link between an adverse effect and its source. Common examples include:
- irrigation or rainfall runoff from agricultural land containing contaminants such as fertiliser, animal faeces, and eroding soil
- runoff from horticultural land containing contaminants such as fertiliser, chemical sprays, and rotting produce
- runoff from forestry land containing contaminants such as eroding soil, chemical sprays, and debris
- runoff from mining areas containing contaminants such as eroding soil and rock
- stormwater from areas that are not reticulated.
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Local Government Act 2002
Section 14(e) of the Local Government Act 2002 requires that local authorities should collaborate and cooperate to promote priorities, achieve outcomes and make efficient use of resources.
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Te Poha o Tohu Raumati: Te Runanga o Kaikoura Environmental Management Plan
Copies of Te Poha o Tohu Raumati: Te Runanga o Kaikoura Environmental Management Plan (2005) are available from Te Runanga o Kaikoura, PO Box 39, Takahanga Marae, Kaikoura
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Mixing zone or zone of non-compliance
The RMA requires that any water quality standards imposed through s107, s69, s70 or the Third Schedule shall be met after allowing for 'reasonable mixing' of discharges. This requirement implies that it is sometimes necessary and acceptable to allow for a zone in the receiving water to not meet water quality standards. Such a zone is called a 'non-compliance zone.'
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How to use Table 1.
Click on any of the Issues to find out more information about these.
Click on the statutory/non-statutory heading for a general discussion on the various management methods available.
Click on the management methods (eg, regional policy statements) within the table for specific information on how that method can be used to manage the issue.
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How to use Table 2.
Click on any of the issues to find out more information about these.
Click on the statutory/non-statutory heading for a general discussion on the various management methods available.
Click on the management methods (eg, regional policy statements) within the table for specific information on how that method can be used to manage the issue.
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How to use Table 3.
Click on any of the issues to find out more information about these.
Click on the statutory/non-statutory heading for a general discussion on the various management methods available.
Click on the management methods (eg, regional policy statements) within the table for specific information on how that method can be used to manage the issue.
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How to use Table 4.
Click on any of the issues to find out more information about these.
Click on the statutory/non-statutory heading for a general discussion on the various management methods available.
Click on the management methods (eg, regional policy statements) within the table for specific information on how that method can be used to manage the issue.
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How to use Table 5.
Click on any of the issues to find out more information about these.
Click on the statutory/non-statutory heading for a general discussion on the various management methods available.
Click on the management methods (eg, regional policy statements) within the table for specific information on how that method can be used to manage the issue.
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How to use Table 6.
Click on any of the issues to find out more information about these.
Click on the statutory/non-statutory heading for a general discussion on the various management methods available.
Click on the management methods (eg, regional policy statements) within the table for specific information on how that method can be used to manage the issue.
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How to use Table 7.
Click on any of the issues to find out more information about these.
Click on the statutory/non-statutory heading for a general discussion on the various management methods available.
Click on the management methods (eg, regional policy statements) within the table for specific information on how that method can be used to manage the issue.
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How to use Table 8.
Click on any of the issues to find out more information about these.
Click on the statutory/non-statutory heading for a general discussion on the various management methods available.
Click on the management methods (eg, regional policy statements) within the table for specific information on how that method can be used to manage the issue.
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NOTE: This guidance note was prepared prior to the NZCPS 2010 taking effect. Care should be exercised in reading and using the information contained within this guidance note.
